{"id":2889,"date":"2025-10-27T10:06:50","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T09:06:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcel-en\/?post_type=news&#038;p=2889"},"modified":"2025-11-03T10:48:13","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T09:48:13","slug":"luxembourg-becomes-a-hub-for-european-legal-debate","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcel-en\/news\/luxembourg-becomes-a-hub-for-european-legal-debate\/","title":{"rendered":"Luxembourg becomes a hub for European legal debate"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-free-section section\"><div class=\"container xl:max-w-screen-xl\">\n<p><strong>The ±¬ÁϳԹÏÍø\u2019s interdisciplinary centre for European Law (LCEL) brings together Europe\u2019s leading judges, academics and scholars to reflect on the Union\u2019s foundational values<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Over two days, Luxembourg became the stage for an exceptional gathering: presidents and judges of Europe\u2019s highest courts, ministers, senior legal advisors from EU institutions, and leading academics met to reflect on how European law shapes and is shaped by the Union\u2019s values. What made the event remarkable was not only the breadth and prominence of those who took part, but the platform it created. A forum for connection and exchange, where institutional and academic perspectives came together in genuine dialogue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Held on 10\u201311 October 2025, and opened by Prof. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/de\/ueber-uns\/organisation\/verwaltung\/rektorat\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Jens Kreisel <\/a>(Rector, ±¬ÁϳԹÏÍø), <a href=\"https:\/\/gouvernement.lu\/de\/gouvernement\/stephanie-obertin.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">St\u00e9phanie Obertin<\/a> (Minister for Research and Higher Education, The Luxembourg Government), Prof. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/fdef-en\/people\/dirk-andreas-zetzsche\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dirk Zetzsche<\/a> (Head of the Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Economics and Finance, ±¬ÁϳԹÏÍø), and Prof.Takis Tridimas, Founding Director of the LCEL, the LCEL\u2019s inaugural conference, <em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcel-en\/events\/european-union-law-and-values-in-a-changing-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Union Law and values in a changing world<\/a>,\u201d<\/em> explored the role of the EU values. Under Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union, the EU is founded on:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"ulux-list\">\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Human dignity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Freedom<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Democracy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Equality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Rule of Law<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li class=\"ulux-list-item\">Human rights<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>These principles are central to the European project. In recent years, the resonance and legal effects have intensified in light of political developments. As Prof. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcel-en\/people\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Takis Tridimas<\/a> noted, the LCEL\u2019s inaugural conference is designed to provide a space for critical dialogue on how these values are understood and operationalised in an era of global uncertainty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-buttons btn-list\"><li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-custom-button\"    aria-disabled=\"false\"\n    >\n    <a\n        role=\"link\"\n        aria-disabled=\"false\"\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27130458\/Opening-speech-Prof.-Takis-Tridimas.pdf\"\n                target=\"_blank\"\n        class=\"btn btn--primary\"\n            >Opening speech by Prof. Takis Tridimas<\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image  object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27111814\/20251010_092453-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27111814\/20251010_092453-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27111814\/20251010_092453-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27111814\/20251010_092453-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27111814\/20251010_092453-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27111814\/20251010_092453-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 53.00% 14.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 53.00% 14.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Prof. Takis Tridimas (Founding Director LCEL)        <\/p>\n    <\/figure>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/Jo2_7026\/de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Koen Lenaerts<\/a> (President, <a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/j_6\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Court of Justice of the European Union<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/p1_3582094\/de\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Marc van der Woude<\/a> (President, General Court), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfa.gr\/en\/cvs\/george-gerapetritis\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Georgios Gerapetritis <\/a>(Minister of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mfa.gr\/en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Foreign Affairs of Greece<\/a>) and Dr Viviane Reding (former Vice-President of the <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">European Commission<\/a>), alongside constitutional and supreme court judges, advocates general, and professors from, among other universities, Oxford, Cambridge, the European University Institute, Leiden, and the Max Planck Institute took the stage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Across two days of intense exchange, participants examined how European values have evolved from political aspirations into constitutional standards guiding both national and EU institutions. Discussions revealed the tensions between unity and diversity, law and politics, principle and practice within European integration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>President Koen Lenaerts explained how the Court\u2019s jurisprudence has constitutionalised Article 2 TEU, highlighting <em>Repubblika<\/em> on mutual trust, <em>Commission v Malta<\/em> on political rights, and <em>ASJP<\/em> on judicial independence. He described democracy and the rule of law as mutually reinforcing, grounded in transparency, solidarity, and respect for national identity. Georgios Gerapetritis situated Article 2 TEU in a global context of democratic recession, urging stronger preventive and corrective mechanisms linked to institutional and financial incentives. Dr Viviane Reding reflected on the Charter of Fundamental Rights\u2019 transformation into binding law at Lisbon and warned of emerging challenges to judicial, media, and academic freedom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110133\/20251010_094859-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110133\/20251010_094859-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110133\/20251010_094859-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110133\/20251010_094859-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110133\/20251010_094859-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110133\/20251010_094859-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Koen Lenaerts (President, Court of Justice of the European Union)        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110343\/20251010_104117-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110343\/20251010_104117-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110343\/20251010_104117-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110343\/20251010_104117-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110343\/20251010_104117-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110343\/20251010_104117-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Georgios Gerapetritis (Minister of Foreign Affairs of Greece)        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110430\/20251010_114404-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110430\/20251010_114404-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110430\/20251010_114404-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110430\/20251010_114404-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110430\/20251010_114404-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27110430\/20251010_114404-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Dr Viviane Reding (former Vice-President of the European Commission)        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27114551\/20251011_090712-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27114551\/20251011_090712-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27114551\/20251011_090712-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27114551\/20251011_090712-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27114551\/20251011_090712-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27114551\/20251011_090712-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>            <p class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image-caption\">\n            Marc van der Woude (President, General Court        <\/p>\n    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n        <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>The academic discussions opened under Judge Ben Smulders (CJEU), with Professor Paul Craig (Oxford) identifying Article 2 as the core of the Union\u2019s constitutional identity. He explained how case law such as <em>ASJP<\/em>, <em>Repubblika<\/em>, and <em>Commission v Poland<\/em> has made these values enforceable. Professor Bruno de Witte (EUI\/Maastricht) showed how values guide the interpretation of competences, for instance in the Digital Services Act and the European Media Freedom Act. Professor Marise Cremona (EUI) examined the balance between values and interests in external action through the <em>Front Polisario<\/em> litigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under Advocate General Laila Medina, judicial perspectives turned to the rule of law in practice. Judge Marko Bo\u0161njak (CJEU; former ECtHR President) discussed judicial independence as an institutional guarantee and an individual right. Judge Francis Delaporte (Constitutional Court of Luxembourg) traced the rule of law as a meta-principle in Luxembourg\u2019s jurisprudence, while Lady Rose of Colmworth (UK Supreme Court) reflected on the continuing influence of EU law in post-Brexit cases. G\u00e9raud Sajust de Bergues (French Conseil d\u2019\u00c9tat) discussed the centrality of human dignity in French and European law, and Judge Francesco Vigan\u00f2 (Constitutional Court of Italy) described how constant dialogue between national and European courts has become the \u201ceveryday language of European constitutionalism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Judge Krystyna Kowalik-Ba\u0144czyk (General Court) opened the debate on democracy, warning that defending EU values is inseparable from safeguarding democratic institutions. Professor Armin von Bogdandy (Max Planck Institute, Heidelberg) presented the EU as a \u201csociety emerging through law,\u201d bound by mutual respect and solidarity. Professor Oliver Gerstenberg (UCL) linked Article 2 to deliberative democracy and mutual trust, while Dr Martijn van den Brink (Leiden) cautioned against over-moralising integration, urging a politically grounded approach to judicial enforcement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his closing remarks on day 1, Vice-President Savvas Papasavvas (General Court) called European values \u201cthe moral compass guiding Europeans, rooted in the constitutional traditions of the Member States\u201d, concluding that all courts, national and European, share a common duty to protect rights, principles, and values together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112413\/20251010_151743-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112413\/20251010_151743-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112413\/20251010_151743-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112413\/20251010_151743-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112413\/20251010_151743-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112413\/20251010_151743-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; 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font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112514\/20251010_164628-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112514\/20251010_164628-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112514\/20251010_164628-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112514\/20251010_164628-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112514\/20251010_164628-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112514\/20251010_164628-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; 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font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112305\/20251010_115342-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112305\/20251010_115342-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112305\/20251010_115342-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112305\/20251010_115342-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112305\/20251010_115342-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112305\/20251010_115342-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112533\/20251010_174833-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112533\/20251010_174833-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112533\/20251010_174833-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112533\/20251010_174833-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112533\/20251010_174833-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27112533\/20251010_174833-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>The second day opened with President Marc van der Woude, who described Article 2 TEU as marking the Union\u2019s \u201cred lines\u201d and called for vigilance against backsliding, disinformation, and erosion of solidarity. He urged reflection on how to maintain mutual responsibility and the hierarchy of rights in a changing constitutional order. Professor Miranda de Meijer (EPPO) discussed how judicial independence and accountability reinforce one another, while Katarzyna Herrmann (European Commission Legal Service) outlined how the Rule of Law Report and conditionality mechanism translate Article 2 TEU values into practice. Eugenia Dumitriu-Segnana (Council Legal Service) examined the preventive function of Article 7 TEU, and Eadaoin N\u00ed Chaoimh (European Parliament Legal Service) discussed how the European Media Freedom Act embeds pluralism as a constitutional safeguard within internal-market law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Later discussions moved to private law and technology. First Advocate General Maciej Szpunar (CJEU) examined fairness and transparency as expressions of the rule of law, Professor Catherine Barnard (Cambridge) discussed evolving concepts of equality and non-discrimination, Professor Hans Micklitz (EUI) analysed the intersection of digital regulation and fundamental rights, and Professor Verica Trstenjak (University of Vienna and former Advocate General) warned that artificial intelligence will test the Union\u2019s ability to protect human dignity and trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The final session, chaired by Professor Eleftheria Neframi (±¬ÁϳԹÏÍø), brought LCEL scholars into the conversation. Professor Joana Mendes examined how values and principles interact within EU constitutionalism, Professor Elise Muir (KU Leuven) explored how legislation can embed Article 2 TEU, Professor Takis Tridimas and Bruno Biazatti asked whether democracy could be conceptualised as a self-standing right, and Professor Vicky Kosta (Leiden) analysed academic freedom as an essential expression of democratic resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113654\/20251011_120546-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113654\/20251011_120546-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113654\/20251011_120546-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113654\/20251011_120546-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113654\/20251011_120546-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113654\/20251011_120546-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure 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50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113711\/20251011_121129-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113711\/20251011_121129-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113711\/20251011_121129-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113711\/20251011_121129-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113711\/20251011_121129-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113711\/20251011_121129-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113747\/20251011_122146-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113747\/20251011_122146-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113747\/20251011_122146-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113747\/20251011_122146-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113747\/20251011_122146-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113747\/20251011_122146-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113618\/20251011_103038-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113618\/20251011_103038-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113618\/20251011_103038-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113618\/20251011_103038-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113618\/20251011_103038-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27113618\/20251011_103038-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115000\/20251011_123128-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115000\/20251011_123128-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115000\/20251011_123128-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115000\/20251011_123128-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115000\/20251011_123128-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115000\/20251011_123128-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 50.00% 50.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 50.00% 50.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>\n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115017\/20251011_125742-scaled.jpg\"\n                srcset=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115017\/20251011_125742-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115017\/20251011_125742-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115017\/20251011_125742-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115017\/20251011_125742-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/32\/2025\/10\/27115017\/20251011_125742-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\"\n                style=\"object-position: 64.00% 63.00%; font-family: &quot;object-fit: cover; object-position: 64.00% 63.00%;&quot;; aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; width: 100%;\"\n        loading=\"lazy\"\n\/>    <\/figure><\/li>        <\/ul>\n\n        <!-- Swiper pagination -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-pagination\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-pagination__bullets\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>By bringing together judges who interpret European law, officials who implement it, and academics who analyse it, the LCEL establishes Luxembourg as a hub for Europe\u2019s legal dialogue, a space where ideas, institutions and people connect to think collectively about the future of the Union\u2019s legal order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The conference is being is established as an annual event.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-spacer is-spacer-size-sm\"><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-quick-link-highlight quick-link-list\">\n<li class=\"wp-block-unilux-blocks-quick-link-highlight-item\">\n    <a\n                    href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/lcel-en\/events\/european-union-law-and-values-in-a-changing-world\/\"\n                    class=\"quick-link\"\n            target=\"_blank\"\n    >\n            <span class=\"quick-link__container\">\n                <span class=\"quick-link__body\">\n                    <span class=\"quick-link__number\">\n                        Conference programme                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"quick-link__title\">\n                        European Union law and values in a changing world                    <\/span>\n                    <span class=\"quick-link__action\">\n                                            <\/span>\n                <\/span>\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--external-link \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--external-link\"><\/use><\/svg>            <\/span>\n    <\/a>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-unilux-blocks-heading\"        id=\"impressions\"\n    >\nImpressions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"alignfull wp-block-unilux-blocks-gallery-carousel\">\n    <div class=\"swiper swiper-gallery\" aria-roledescription=\"carousel\" aria-label=\"A gallery of images\">\n        <!-- Swiper button Next & Prev -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n            <div class=\"swiper-nav__container\">\n                <div class=\"swiper-nav__grid\">\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-next\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-right \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-right\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                    <button type=\"button\" class=\"swiper-button-prev\">\n                        <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" class=\"icon icon-outline icon--arrow-left \"><use xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uni.lu\/wp-content\/themes\/unilux-theme\/assets\/images\/icons\/icons-outline.svg#icon--arrow-left\"><\/use><\/svg>                    <\/button>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <!-- swiper slides -->\n        <ul class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n            \n<li class=\"swiper-slide\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\">\n    <figure class=\"wp-block-dev4-reusable-blocks-image swiper-slide__bg object-fit--cover\">\n    \n<img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-block-image unilux-custom-image-block\"\n                alt=\"\"\n            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